Which instrument is utilized to measure inside diameter, outside diameter, and depth?

The vernier caliper is designed for measuring both inside and outside diameters as well as depths with high precision. It features a main scale and a sliding scale that allows for measurements down to a fraction of a millimeter or inch. The inside jaws are specifically shaped to measure internal dimensions, while the outside jaws are used for external measurements. Additionally, the depth rod extends from the back of the vernier caliper, enabling users to measure the depth of holes or recesses accurately. This versatility makes the vernier caliper an essential tool in various fields, including mechanical engineering and metalworking, where precise dimensional measurements are critical.

In contrast, a micrometer is primarily suited for measuring small dimensions with great accuracy, typically focusing on external and internal measurements but lacks the versatility of measuring depths effectively. The dial indicator is used for measuring small distances and variations in surface flatness and is not designed for dimensional measurements like diameters. The cylinder bore gauge is specialized for measuring the diameter of cylinder bores, particularly in automotive contexts, but does not measure depth or outside diameters as effectively as the vernier caliper.